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358 lines
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<ol class="chapter"><li class="chapter-item expanded "><a href="intro.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">1.</strong> Introduction to Kanidm</a></li><li class="chapter-item expanded "><a href="installing_the_server.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">2.</strong> Installing the Server</a></li><li><ol class="section"><li class="chapter-item expanded "><a href="installing_the_server.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">2.1.</strong> Server Configuration</a></li><li class="chapter-item expanded "><a href="security_hardening.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">2.2.</strong> Security Hardening</a></li></ol></li><li class="chapter-item expanded "><a href="client_tools.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">3.</strong> Client Tools</a></li><li><ol class="section"><li class="chapter-item expanded "><a href="installing_client_tools.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">3.1.</strong> Installing client tools</a></li></ol></li><li class="chapter-item expanded "><a href="accounts_and_groups.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">4.</strong> Accounts and Groups</a></li><li class="chapter-item expanded "><a href="administrivia.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">5.</strong> Administrative Tasks</a></li><li><ol class="section"><li class="chapter-item expanded "><a href="monitoring.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">5.1.</strong> Monitoring the platform</a></li><li class="chapter-item expanded "><a href="password_quality.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">5.2.</strong> Password Quality and Badlisting</a></li><li class="chapter-item expanded "><a href="posix_accounts.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">5.3.</strong> POSIX Accounts and Groups</a></li><li class="chapter-item expanded "><a href="ssh_key_dist.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">5.4.</strong> SSH Key Distribution</a></li><li class="chapter-item expanded "><a href="recycle_bin.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">5.5.</strong> The Recycle Bin</a></li></ol></li><li class="chapter-item expanded "><a href="ldap.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">6.</strong> LDAP</a></li><li class="chapter-item expanded "><a href="pam_and_nsswitch.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">7.</strong> PAM and nsswitch</a></li><li class="chapter-item expanded "><a href="radius.html" class="active"><strong aria-hidden="true">8.</strong> RADIUS</a></li><li class="chapter-item expanded "><a href="why_tls.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">9.</strong> Why TLS?</a></li><li class="chapter-item expanded "><a href="DEVELOPER_README.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">10.</strong> Developer Guide</a></li></ol> </div>
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<div id="content" class="content">
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<main>
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<h1 id="radius"><a class="header" href="#radius">RADIUS</a></h1>
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<p>RADIUS is a network protocol that is commonly used to allow wifi devices or
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VPN's to authenticate users to a network boundary. While it should not be a
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sole point of trust/authentication to an identity, it's still an important
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control for improving barriers to attackers access to network resources.</p>
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<p>Kanidm has a philosophy that each account can have multiple credentials which
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are related to their devices and limited to specific resources. RADIUS is
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no exception and has a separate credential for each account to use for
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RADIUS access.</p>
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<h2 id="disclaimer"><a class="header" href="#disclaimer">Disclaimer</a></h2>
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<p>It's worth noting some disclaimers about Kanidm's RADIUS integration here</p>
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<h3 id="one-credential---one-account"><a class="header" href="#one-credential---one-account">One Credential - One Account</a></h3>
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<p>Kanidm normally attempts to have credentials for each <em>device</em> and <em>application</em>
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rather than the legacy model of one to one.</p>
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<p>The RADIUS protocol is only able to attest a <em>single</em> credential in an authentication
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attempt, which limits us to storing a single RADIUS credential per account. However
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despite this limitation, it still greatly improves the situation by isolating the
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RADIUS credential from the primary or application credentials of the account. This
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solves many common security concerns around credential loss or disclosure
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and prevents rogue devices from locking out accounts as they attempt to
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authenticate to wifi with expired credentials.</p>
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<h3 id="cleartext-credential-storage"><a class="header" href="#cleartext-credential-storage">Cleartext Credential Storage</a></h3>
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<p>RADIUS offers many different types of tunnels and authentication mechanisms.
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However, most client devices "out of the box" only attempt a single type when you select
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a WPA2-Enterprise network: MSCHAPv2 with PEAP. This is a challenge-response protocol
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that requires cleartext or NTLM credentials.</p>
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<p>As MSCHAPv2 with PEAP is the only practical, universal RADIUS type supported
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on all devices with "minimal" configuration, we consider it imperative
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that it MUST be supported as the default. Esoteric RADIUS types can be used
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as well, but this is up to administrators to test and configure.</p>
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<p>Due to this requirement, we must store the RADIUS material as cleartext or
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NTLM hashes. It would be silly to think that NTLM is "secure" as it's md4
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which is only an illusion of security.</p>
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<p>This means Kanidm stores RADIUS credentials in the database as cleartext.</p>
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<p>We believe this is a reasonable decision and is a low risk to security as:</p>
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<ul>
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<li>The access controls around RADIUS secrets by default are "strong", limited
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to only self-account read and RADIUS-server read.</li>
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<li>As RADIUS credentials are separate from the primary account credentials and have
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no other rights, their disclosure is not going to lead to a full account compromise.</li>
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<li>Having the credentials in cleartext allows a better user experience as clients
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can view the credentials at any time to enrol further devices.</li>
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</ul>
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<h2 id="account-credential-configuration"><a class="header" href="#account-credential-configuration">Account Credential Configuration</a></h2>
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<p>For an account to use RADIUS they must first generate a RADIUS secret unique to
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that account. By default, all accounts can self-create this secret.</p>
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<pre><code>kanidm account radius generate_secret --name william william
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kanidm account radius show_secret --name william william
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</code></pre>
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<h2 id="account-group-configuration"><a class="header" href="#account-group-configuration">Account group configuration</a></h2>
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<p>Kanidm enforces that accounts which can authenticate to RADIUS must be a member
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of an allowed group. This allows you to define which users or groups may use
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wifi or VPN infrastructure and gives a path for "revoking" access to the resources
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through group management. The key point of this is that service accounts should
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not be part of this group.</p>
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<pre><code>kanidm group create --name idm_admin radius_access_allowed
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kanidm group add_members --name idm_admin radius_access_allowed william
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</code></pre>
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<h2 id="radius-server-service-account"><a class="header" href="#radius-server-service-account">RADIUS Server Service Account</a></h2>
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<p>To read these secrets, the RADIUS server requires an account with the
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correct privileges. This can be created and assigned through the group
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"idm_radius_servers" which is provided by default.</p>
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<pre><code>kanidm account create --name admin radius_service_account "Radius Service Account"
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kanidm group add_members --name admin idm_radius_servers radius_service_account
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kanidm account credential reset_credential --name admin radius_service_account
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</code></pre>
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<h2 id="deploying-a-radius-container"><a class="header" href="#deploying-a-radius-container">Deploying a RADIUS Container</a></h2>
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<p>We provide a RADIUS container that has all the needed integrations.
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This container requires some cryptographic material, laid out in a volume like so:</p>
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<pre><code>data
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data/ca.pem # This is the kanidm ca.pem
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data/config.ini # This is the kanidm-radius configuration.
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data/certs
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data/certs/dh # openssl dhparam -out ./dh 2048
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data/certs/key.pem # These are the radius ca/cert/key
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data/certs/cert.pem
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data/certs/ca.pem
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</code></pre>
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<p>The config.ini has the following template:</p>
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<pre><code>[kanidm_client]
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url = # URL to the kanidm server
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strict = false # Strict CA verification
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ca = /data/ca.pem # Path to the kanidm ca
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user = # Username of the RADIUS service account
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secret = # Generated secret for the service account
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; default VLANs for groups that don't specify one.
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[DEFAULT]
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vlan = 1
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; [group.test] # group.<name> will have these options applied
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; vlan =
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[radiusd]
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ca = # Path to the radius server's CA
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key = # Path to the radius servers key
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cert = # Path to the radius servers cert
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dh = # Path to the radius servers dh params
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required_group = # Name of a kanidm group which you must be
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# A member of to use radius.
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cache_path = # A path to an area where cached user records can be stored.
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# If in doubt, use /dev/shm/kanidmradiusd
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; [client.localhost] # client.<nas name> configures wifi/vpn consumers
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; ipaddr = # ipv4 or ipv6 address of the NAS
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; secret = # Shared secret
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</code></pre>
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<p>A fully configured example is:</p>
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<pre><code>[kanidm_client]
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; be sure to check the listening port is correct, it's the docker internal port
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; not the external one if these containers are on the same host.
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url = https://<kanidmd container name or ip>:8443
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strict = true # Adjust this if you have CA validation issues
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ca = /data/ca.crt
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user = radius_service_account
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secret = # The generated password from above
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; default vlans for groups that don't specify one.
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[DEFAULT]
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vlan = 1
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[group.network_admins]
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vlan = 10
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[radiusd]
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ca = /data/certs/ca.pem
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key = /data/certs/key.pem
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cert = /data/certs/cert.pem
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dh = /data/certs/dh
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required_group = radius_access_allowed
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cache_path = /dev/shm/kanidmradiusd
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[client.localhost]
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ipaddr = 127.0.0.1
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secret = testing123
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[client.docker]
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ipaddr = 172.17.0.0/16
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secret = testing123
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</code></pre>
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|
|
<p>You can then run the container with:</p>
|
||
|
|
<pre><code>docker run --name radiusd -v ...:/data kanidm/radius:latest
|
||
|
|
</code></pre>
|
||
|
|
<p>Authentication can be tested through the client.localhost NAS configuration with:</p>
|
||
|
|
<pre><code>docker exec -i -t radiusd radtest <username> badpassword 127.0.0.1 10 testing123
|
||
|
|
docker exec -i -t radiusd radtest <username> <radius show_secret value here> 127.0.0.1 10 testing123
|
||
|
|
</code></pre>
|
||
|
|
<p>Finally, to expose this to a wifi infrastructure, add your NAS in <code>config.ini</code>:</p>
|
||
|
|
<pre><code>[client.access_point]
|
||
|
|
ipaddr = <some ipadd>
|
||
|
|
secret = <random value>
|
||
|
|
</code></pre>
|
||
|
|
<p>And re-create/run your docker instance with <code>-p 1812:1812 -p 1812:1812/udp</code> ...</p>
|
||
|
|
<p>If you have any issues, check the logs from the radius output they tend to indicate the cause
|
||
|
|
of the problem. To increase the logging you can re-run your environment with debug enabled:</p>
|
||
|
|
<pre><code>docker rm radiusd
|
||
|
|
docker run --name radiusd -e DEBUG=True -i -t -v ...:/data kanidm/radius:latest
|
||
|
|
</code></pre>
|
||
|
|
<p>Note the radius container <em>is</em> configured to provide Tunnel-Private-Group-ID so if you wish to use
|
||
|
|
wifi assigned VLANs on your infrastructure, you can assign these by groups in the config.ini as
|
||
|
|
shown in the above examples.</p>
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